Meckel's diverticulum is an adult remnant of the: urachus hindgut pars cystica vitelline duct dorsal pancreatic duct
Endodermal derivatives of the gut include: gallbladder muscle liver hepatocytes ligament of Treitz gastric luminal epithelium more than one of the above
The endodermal hepatic diverticulum does NOT give rise to: part of the pancreas gallbladder epithelial part of the liver ductus venosus
The following events in the development of the abdominal cavity are greatly affected by the rapid growth of the liver: urorectal septum formation dorsal mesentery morphogenesis formation of inferior recess of lesser sac herniation of midgut loop
Factors, major events, or structures associated with midgut development include: 270 degree rotation rapid growth of cranial limb vitelline duct 3rd part of the duodenum all of the above are correct
In its development, the stomach does NOT: rotate 90 degrees clockwise when viewed
from above descend exhibit differential growth cause ventral mesentery development
The embryonic foregut differentiates into all or part of the: liver ventral pancreas esophagus lung all of the above are correct
The cloacal membrane is derived from: ectoderm endoderm both neither
The vermiform appendix arises from: endoderm mesoderm both neither
The liver is a derivative of: the embryonic foregut the embryonic midgut both neither
The spleen is a derivative of: the embryonic foregut the embryonic midgut both neither
The vermiform appendix is a derivative of: the embryonic foregut the embryonic midgut both neither
Abnormal intestinal rotation during fetal development may produce the following: congenital umbilical hernia anular pancreas infarction and gangrene diaphragmatic hernia Meckel's diverticulum or diverticulum ilei
An umbilical fistula is associated with: allantoic duct vitelline duct both neither
The round ligament of the liver, or ligamentum teres hepatis, is associated with: allantoic duct vitelline duct both neither
Meckel's diverticulum is associated with: allantoic duct vitelline duct both neither
All of us has "suffered" which one of the following types of hernia? inguinal umbilical lumbar diaphragmatic femoral
During the development of the gut: the pancreas receives part of its blood supply
via the celiac trunk the stomach rotates, causing the left vagal
trunk to innervate its posterior wall the urorectal fold may fail to divide the
cloaca, causing a rectouterine fistula in
the female the transverse colon becomes retroperitoneal
In the digestive system: endoderm forms the lining of the stomach
and lung and the parenchymal cells of the
liver gut rotation and fusion of mesentery to the
dorsal body wall makes the spleen
retroperitoneal the duodenum is supplied by both superior
and inferior mesenteric artery the inferior mesenteric artery is the axis for
counterclockwise rotation of the midgut loop
In the digestive system: failure of the intestinal loops to return into
the abdominal cavity forms Meckel's
diverticulum an omphalocele would most likely develop
around the 10th-12th week of gestation stenosis of the gut most frequently occurs in
the large intestine an annular pancreas is caused by a failure in
normal migration of the dorsal pancreas
The developing liver does NOT: contain cells derived from mesoderm have a hemopoietic function in the fetus have a gall bladder derived from the hepatic
diverticulum have hepatic sinusoids which receive the
majority of their blood from the left umbilical
vein
Which of the following conditions would most likely cause vomiting in the newborn? umbilical fistula duodenal stenosis rectal atresia stenosis of the transverse colon
During development of the gut: the stomach rotates, so that the greater
curvature faces to the left and inferiorly retention of the vitelline duct may produce
an umbilical fistula the urorectal septum may fail to divide the
cloaca, causing a rectovaginal fistula in the
female the descending colon becomes
retroperitoneal all of the above are correct
In the development of the gut: the celiac trunk represents the blood supply
to the midgut the early embryo maintains a connection
between the midgut and the yolk sac via the
allantois muscle, connective tissue and blood vessels
in the gut wall are derived from splanchnic
mesoderm the primitive gut tube is in open
communication with the amniotic cavity
Gut rotations and subsequent fusion of mesentery to the dorsal body wall causes which of the following to assume a retroperitoneal position? gall bladder pancreas spleen jejunum
In the formation of the pancreas: a dorsal and ventral bud from the endoderm
of the duodenum are the first indications of a
pancreas the ventral pancreatic bud degenerates an annular pancreas forms if a portion of the
dorsal bud rotates abnormally insulin is not secreted during fetal life
The liver: receives blood from the placenta via the
umbilical vein which runs in the falciform
ligament forms as a diverticulum from the foregut
endoderm contains hemopoietic and connective tissue
cells derived from mesoderm of the septum
transversum contains hepatic sinusoids derived from the
vitelline veins all of the above are correct
In the development of the midgut: the superior mesenteric artery is the axis for
clockwise rotation of the midgut loop the persistence of part of the vitelline duct
leads to urachal fistula a vitelline cyst may result from abnormal
remodelling of the vitelline veins an omphalocele is not synonymous with
congenital umbilical hernia
The yolk sac detaches from the gut by the end of the: 2nd week 5th week 3rd month 4th month 5th month
A persistence of the vitelline duct may result in: ileal diverticulum Meckel's diverticulum vitelline cyst umbilical fistula all of the above
During embryological development, the large intestine is: last to leave the umbilical cord and re-enter
the abdominal cavity always longer than the small intestine both neither
Typical bile, secreted by hepatic cells: occurs in fetuses 5 months old colors the meconium both neither
Accessory pancreases: are extremely rare occur within the wall of the intestine and
stomach both neither
Factors assisting in the rotation of the stomach include: rapid expansion of the dorsal mesentery slow growth of the ventral mesentery both neither
The terminal dilated part of the hindgut is called the: cloaca yolk stalk allantois cecum coelom
Which of the following arteries supply derivatives of the caudal portion of the foregut? celiac trunk inferior mesenteric artery pulmonary artery umbilical artery common iliac artery
Which of the following statements about the developing duodenum is NOT true? it is a derivative of the foregut and the
midgut the yolk stalk is attached to the apex of the
duodenal loop it is supplied by branches of the foregut and
midgut arteries it becomes C-shaped as it develops and the
stomach rotates its lumen is temporarily obliterated by
epithelial cells
The following embryonic structures can give origin to cysts, diverticula, or fistulae in postnatal life EXCEPT: vitelline duct urachus (allantoic duct) ductus venosus (Botalli) neural tube metanephros
As the stomach acquires its adult shape, it rotates around its longitudinal axis. Which of the following events does not result from this rotation? the ventral border of the stomach moves to
the right the dorsal border moves to the left the dorsal mesogastrium is carried to the left the duodenum rotates to the right the dorsal part of the stomach grows more
rapidly
The pectinate line of the anus marks the junction of: skin and mucous membrane splanchnic and somatic mesoderm ectoderm derivatives and endodermal
derivatives old amniotic cavity and yolk sac all of the above are correct
The muscular wall of the esophagus arises from: somatic mesoderm neural crest branchial arch VI lining of the yolk sac
Which of the following is NOT associated with esophageal atresia: tracheoesophageal fistula polyhydramnios deviation of the tracheoesophageal septum reflux of milk through nose and mouth,
which appears toward the end of the first
week after birth
The omental apron of the greater omentum: communicates with the peritoneal cavity via
the epiploic foramen of Winslow becomes retroperitoneal in the adult has the ascending colon located within its
superior boundary is a quadruple layer of peritoneum is lost during embryonic development
Which of the following statements concerning the development of the duodenum is FALSE? the duodenum rotates to the right side of the
embryo during development most of the duodenum becomes
retroperitoneal during development the duodenum develops only from the caudal
foregut there is no lumen within the duodenum at
some point in development none of the above is false
Which of the following structures is most closely related to the development of the cloaca? liver stomach spleen duodenum pancreas gall bladder jejunum ileum cecum appendix ascending colon transverse colon descending colon sigmoid colon rectum
Which of the following structures is secondarily retroperitoneal AND NOT innervated by the vagus nerve? liver stomach spleen duodenum pancreas gall bladder jejunum ileum cecum appendix ascending colon transverse colon descending colon sigmoid colon rectum
Normal gut rotation brings which structure to lie at McBurney's point? liver stomach spleen duodenum pancreas gall bladder jejunum ileum cecum appendix ascending colon transverse colon descending colon sigmoid colon rectum
Which of the following structures is most closely related to the development of both ventral and dorsal mesentery? liver stomach spleen duodenum pancreas gall bladder jejunum ileum cecum appendix ascending colon transverse colon descending colon sigmoid colon rectum
The allantois is derived from: ectoderm endoderm both neither