Synovial Joints - Condyloid Joints

Condyloid joints allow flexion, extension, abduction, adduction and circumduction (which is a combination of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction). These joints consist of oval surfaces which allow for movement in two planes perpendicular to each other. Thus, this is a biaxial joint. Rotation at this joint is not allowed due to the shape of the articulating surfaces. Examples of condyloid joints are:

1. The wrist
2. Metacarpophalangeal joints of the fingers and metatarsophalangeal joints of the toes.

Note: If the difference between circumduction and rotation is confusing for you, try this: With your arm pointed straight ahead of you, trace a large circle in the air with your finger (using your whole arm) - this is circumduction of the shoulder. Now, with the same arm, pretend as though you are turning a screwdriver with your elbow straight - this is rotation of the shoulder. Also, remember that the metacarpophalangeal joints are capable of circumduction (tracing out circles), but cannot do rotation.