Scapular Upward and Downward Rotation

The scapula can pivot on its attachment to the clavicle, and rotate upward. This is also called upward rotation of the glenoid fossa, and it is an essential motion for completing abduction of the arm.

Muscles: trapezius and serratus anterior are synergists.

When the arm is fully abducted, downward rotation of the scapula (or glenoid fossa) occurs first in adduction of the arm.

Muscles: pectoralis minor and major (through humerus), subclavius, and latissimus dorsi (through the humerus).