Scapular Protraction and Retraction

Protraction of the scapula is sometimes called abduction of the scapula. The scapula is moved laterally and anteriorly along the chest wall.

Muscles: serratus anterior is the prime mover. Pectoralis minor and major, the latter acting through the humerus, may assist (act as synergists).

Retraction of the scapula is sometimes called adduction of the scapula. The scapula is moved posteriorly and medially along the chest wall.

Muscles: rhomboideus major, minor, and trapezius are the prime movers.

The muscles that protract and retract the scapula are antagonistic, that is, they have opposed actions. Used together, they fix the scapula in space to provide a fulcrum from which to move the (lever) arm.