Skeletal features of the orbit
- Bones: frontal, zygomatic, maxilla, lacrimal, ethmoid, palatine, sphenoid
- Openings: superior and inferior orbital fissures, optic canal, lacrimal fossa, ethmoidal foramina, supraorbital notch or foramen
Superficial features of the eye and eyelid
- Palpebral fissure, medial and lateral canthus
- Lacrimal caruncle, semilunar fold, lacrimal papillae
- Bulbar conjunctiva, cornea, pupil and iris
The eyelid
- Orbital septum and tarsal plates
- Medial and lateral palpebral (canthal) ligaments
- Muscles: Levator palpebrae superioris and orbicularis oculi
- Nerves and vessels surrounding the eyelid
Lacrimal apparatus
- Lacrimal gland and tear flow upon the eye surface
- Lacrimal puncta, canaliculi, sac and nasolacrimal duct
Fascial organization of the orbit
- Periorbita
- Optic sheath, bulbar fascia
- Muscle sheaths and check ligaments
- The common ring tendon (anulus)
- Conjunctiva: bulbar and palpebral, conjunctival fornices
Extraocular muscles
- Superior, inferior, medial and lateral rectus mm.
- Superior and inferior oblique mm
- Levator palpebrae superioris m.
Orbital nerves
- Motor: trochlear, oculomotor, abducens
- Sensory (V1): nasociliary, frontal, lacrimal
- Parasympathetic: oculomotor, ciliary ganglion
- Sympathetic: postganglionic from superior cervical ganglion
Blood supply
- Ophthalmic a. branches ( central a. of the retina)
- Superior and inferior ophthalmic vv.
