Lecture Notes - Posterior Triangle of the Neck

1. Osteology
   • Cranial base
     • Foramen magnum
     • Jugular foramen
     • Carotid canal
     • Occipital condyles
     • Hypoglossal canal
     • Styloid process
     • Pharyngeal tubercle
   • First rib
     • Grooves for subclavian artery and vein
   • Transverse foramina of cervical vertebrae
2. Cross section of the neck (review)
3. Scalene muscles & Interscalene Triangle
   • Anterior scalene
   • Middle scalene
   • Posterior scalene
4. Subclavian artery (3 parts)
   • 1st part (3 branches)
     • Vertebral
     • Thyrocervical trunk
       • Inferior thyroid
       • Transverse cervical
       • Suprascapular
     • Internal thoracic
   • 2nd part (1 branch)
     • Costocervical trunk
   • 3rd part (1 branch)
     • Dorsal scapular (variable origin)
5. Veins:
   • Internal jugular
   • Subclavian
6. Lymphatics
   • Deep cervical lymph nodes
   • Jugular trunk
   • Thoracic duct
7. Nerves
   • Recurrent laryngeal (right and left)
   • Accessory (XI)
   • Cervical plexus
     • Roots (C1-4)
     • Phrenic
   • Cervical sympathetic trunk
     • Superior cervical ganglion
     • Middle cervical ganglion
     • Carotid nn. (internal & external, plexus)
   • Brachial plexus
     • Roots (C5-T1)
       • Dorsal scapular n.
       • Long thoracic n.
     • Trunks
       • Suprascapular n.
8. Clinical terms
   • Thoracic outlet syndromes
   • Horner's syndrome
   • Subclavian "stick"/ central venous line catheterization
   • Subclavian steal syndrome
   • Virchow's node
   • Carotid stenosis