Which statement is true regarding pelvic veins? The external iliac vein lies medial to the external iliac artery The external iliac veins join to form the inferior vena cava The inferior vena cava cannot be imaged Pelvic veins are usually imaged using an arteriogram
What bony landmark on the lateral pelvic wall may be used as a reference for
localizing female pelvic anatomy or pain phenomena?
Coccyx Ischial spine Ischial tuberosity Obturator canal Pectineal line
Which statement about the pelvic floor is NOT correct? Along with the pelvic brim, it defines the true pelvic cavity It is a funnel-shaped skeletal muscle It is referred to as the pelvic diaphragm It is tensed during defecation It projects into the anal triangle
Following pregnancy and delivery, a 32-year-old woman continued to have problems with urinary incontinence which developed during pregnancy. Her obstetrician counseled her to strengthen the muscle bordering the vagina and urethra, increasing its tone and exerting pressure on the urethra. This physical therapy was soon adequate to restore urinary continence. What muscle was strengthened? Coccygeus Ischiocavernosus Obturator Internus Piriformis Puborectalis
Preganglionic parasympathetic nerve fibers within the pelvic (inferior hypogastric) plexus arise from S2, 3, 4 and enter the plexus via: gray rami communicantes hypogastric nerves pelvic splanchnic nerves sacral splanchnic nerves white rami communicantes
While performing a hysterectomy, the resident must ligate the uterine artery. To avoid iatrogenic injury to the ureters, she must be aware that the ureter passes ___________ the artery at the level of the ______________. Over; cervix Over; fundus of uterus Over; pelvic brim Under; cervix Under; pelvic brim
After giving birth, a patient complains of urinary stress incontinence characterized by dribbling of urine with an increase in intra-abdominal pressure. Her physician suspects injury to the pelvic floor during delivery which may have altered the position of the neck of bladder and the urethra. Which muscle was most likely damaged during the vaginal delivery? Bulbospongiosus Coccygeus Levator ani Obturator internus Piriformis
A caudal epidural block is a form of regional anesthetic used in childbirth. Within the sacral canal, the anesthetic agent bathes the sacral spinal nerve roots which would anesthetize all of the following nerves except: Pelvic splanchnics Pudendal S2 dorsal root Sacral splanchnics S2 ventral primary ramus
After giving birth, a patient complains of dribbling of urine while coughing, sneezing, or laughing. Which muscle was most likely damaged during the vaginal delivery? Coccygeus Levator ani Obturator internus Piriformis Transverse perineal
A patient presents complaining of blood-stained stools and the inability to completely empty his rectum. He also has pain along the back of his thigh and weakness of the posterior thigh muscles. Digital examination reveals a tumor in the posterolateral wall of the rectum. Pressure on what nerve plexus could cause the pain in his lower limb? Inferior hypogastric Inferior mesenteric Lumbar Sacral Superior hypogastric
In a patient with rectal cancer located in the wall of the ampulla, you find that the cancer has spread to the muscle immediately lateral to the ampulla. This muscle is the: Piriformus Obturator internus Levator ani Sphincter urethrae Bulbospongeosis
Blood supply to the superior portions of the bladder typically arises from the ____________ arteries. Umbilical Middle rectal Obturator Inferior gluteal Uterine
The pelvic splanchnic nerves primarily carry ____________ to the _____________ plexus. Preganglionic parasympathetics--superior hypogastric Preganglionic parasympathetics--inferior hypogastric Postganglionic parasympathetics--superior hypogastric Postganglionic sympathetics--superior hypogastric Postganglionic sympathetics--superior hypogastric
The arcus tendineus levator ani is a thickening of fascia of the: Coccygeus Obturator externus Obturator internus Piriformis
The sacral outflow of the parasympathetic (craniosacral) system enters the pelvic plexus via: Hypogastric nerves Pelvic splanchnic nerves Pudendal nerves Sacral splanchnic nerves