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Lab Manual - Neuroanatomy 3
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Lab Manual - Neuroanatomy 3 |
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Assignments:
- Before lab:
- Download and review the Lab Overview PowerPoint.
- Review the Steps of Dissection and Dissection Videos.
- During lab:
- Follow the steps of the dissection procedure in the Lab Manual (this page).
- Be certain to identify all of the Review Items.
- After lab:
- Read the Dissector Answers to cover the Learning Objectives for this lab.
- Review the Practice Questions for this lab.
Learning Objectives:
Upon completion of this session, the student will be able to:
- List brain structures that are part of the limbic system; describe the role of limbic structures in regulating functions relevant to survival, and specify the role of individual limbic structures in controlling emotions.
- Identify anatomical location of amygdala, explain the role of the prefrontal cortex -amygdala connection in initiating fear and rage, in adults and in children; describe symptoms of diseases associated with damaged or atrophied amygdala
- Identify the following surface features of the brain: five lobes (frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal and insula); primary motor area; primary sensory areas (somatic, visual and auditory); motor association area; sensory association areas; prefrontal cortex (lateral, medial and orbitofrontal regions); and uncus.
- Identify the following internal features of the brain: cerebral cortex; cerebral white matter (association, commissural and projection fibers); thalamus and hypothalamus; basal nuclei, including nucleus accumbens, the striatum consisting of caudate nucleus and lentiform nucleus (putamen and globus pallidus).
- Identify the following components of the limbic system: hippocampus, mammillary bodies, amygdala, parahippocampal gyrus, and cingulate gyri.
Procedure:
1. Identify the major features of the brain. (Play movie; View images: N 99, 105, 107, 108, 109, 115, TG 7-49, 7-50A, 7-50B, 7-53B, 7-53C, 7-54)
Identify the frontal, parietal, occipital and temporal lobes of the cerebrum, and the longitudinal fissure. On the inferior side find the cerebellum, midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata. Compare the brain to the cranial fossae, note how the lobes fit in the fossae and relate to the dural folds.
Brain structures in MRI
Ventricles of the brain 2. Examine the inner structure of the brain on transverse and coronal sections. (View images: NI27A, NI27B, NI28, NI31A, NI31B, NI31C, NI32, NI48B, NII.87.3, NII.87.4, NII.87.5, NII.87.6, NII.87.7, NII.87.8, NII.87.9, NII.88.3, NII.88.4, NII.88.5, NII.88.6, NII.94, NIII.75)
On the transverse sections of the right half of the brain, identify the splenium of the corpus callosum, through the anterior commissure, and through the crus cerebri of the midbrain.
On the sectioned brain and the brain models, identify inner structures of the brain, including the gray and white matter, the cerebral cortex, the internal capsule (anterior and posterior limbs and genu), thalamus, hypothalamus. Nuclei located near the base of the brain are collectively referred to as the basal nuclei (or basal ganglia in older terminology). Identify the basal nuclei including: the caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, and the substantia nigra in the midbrain. The caudate nucleus and putamen are together referred to as the striatum. The putamen and globus pallidus together are referred to as the lentiform nucleus.
On the brain models and the sectioned brain, identify the components of the limbic system, including the hippocampus, mammillary bodies, amygdala, parahippocampal gyrus, and the cingulate gyrus.
