Lecture Notes - Parotid Gland & Face

1. Skeleton of the face, buttresses
2. Facial mask, facial integument
   • Content of subcutaneous tissue
3. Parotid gland
   • Superficial part of gland, parotid fascia
   • Parotid duct, accessory parotid gland
   • Neurovascular structures exiting along peripheral borders of gland:
     1. Motor branches of facial nerve (CN VII): temporal, zygomatic, buccal mandibular (marginal) and cervical. Innervate muscles of facial expression
     2. Superficial temporal artery and vein
     3. Auriculotemporal nerve (branch of V3)
4. Cross section through parotid gland and fossa
   1. Parotid fascia is a derivative of the superficial layer of deep cervical fascia
   2. External and internal relations of the gland
5. Distribution of facial nerve in the face, scalp and neck
6. Formation of the retromandibular vein and terminal branches of the external carotid artery within gland
7. Muscles of facial expression
   • General characteristics:
     • Found in the subcutaneous tissue
     • Arranged around natural openings, mouth, nose, orbit, ears
     • Originate from bone or fascia, insert into the skin
     • Innervated by branches the facial nerve (CN VII)
8. Muscles of facial expression acting on the oral opening:
   • Muscles that elevate the upper lip: zygomaticus minor, levator labii superioris
   • Muscles that elevate the angle of the mouth: levator anguli oris, zygomaticus major
   • Muscles that depress the angle of the mouth: depressor anguli oris, platysma
   • Muscle that depresses the lower lip: depressor labii inferioris sphincter of the oral opening: orbicularis oris
   • Muscle of the cheek: buccinator
9. Course and distribution of facial artery and vein in the face
10. Selected sensory nerves of the skin of the face (from divisions of CN V)
    • Supraorbital (V1)
    • Infraorbital (V2)
    • Mental (V3)