Review Items - Larynx and Neck

Osteology:

Skull

Mastoid process (N 4,8,13, TG 7-04A, 7-05A)

Pharyngeal tubercle (N6, N8, TG7-06)

Jugular foramen (N6, N8, TG7-08, TG7-06)

Carotid canal (external opening) (N8, TG7-06)

Styloid process (N4, N8, TG7-04, TG7-06)

Hyoid (body; greater & lesser horns) (N13, N77, TG7-09, TG7-25)

Mandible (N 15, TG 7-04A)

   Inferior border of mandible (N 15, TG 7-04A)

   Angle of the mandible (N 15, TG 7-04A)

Sternum (N 1, 185)

   Jugular notch (TG 7-01)

First rib

   Grooves for subclavian a. & v. (N186, TG4-04)

Laryngeal cartilages & joints: (N81C, N81D, TG7-22, TG7-25, TG7-27, TG7-28)

Thyroid cartilage

     Laryngeal prominence

Cricoid cartilage

Lamina

Epiglottic cartilage

Arytenoid cartilage

     Vocal process

Cricothyroid joint

Cricoarytenoid joint

Interarytenoid notch Trachea

Topography:

Cervical triangles: (N 28, TG 7-02A, 7-02B)

Anterior

Muscular

Carotid

Submandibular

Submental
Posterior

Subclavian (omoclavicular)

Occipital

Deep cervical fascia: (N 35A,35B, TG 7-10, 7-11)

Superficial (investing) layer of deep cervical fascia
Infrahyoid (muscular) fascia
Visceral fascia (pretracheal & buccopharyngeal)
Carotid sheath
Prevertebral & scalene fascia (N35, TG7-10A, TG7-10B)

Pharynx: (N67, TG7-21, TG7-23)

Nasopharynx (TG7-22, TG7-23)

Nasal septum

Torus tubarius

Opening of auditory tube

Pharyngeal tonsil

Pharyngeal recess
Oropharynx (TG7-22, TG7-23)

Soft palate & uvula

Palatoglossal & palatopharyngeal arches (folds)

Tonsillar fossa

     Palatine tonsil

Base of tongue & lingual tonsil

Glossoepiglottic folds
Laryngopharynx (N70, TG7-22, TG7-23)

Epiglottis

Laryngeal inlet (aditus)

Piriform recess

Entrance to esophagus

Interior of larynx: (N67, N80, N81, N82, TG7-22, TG7-27, TG7-28)

Aryepiglottic fold
Vestibule
Quadrangular membrane
Vestibular fold (false vocal fold)
Ventricle
Vocal fold (true vocal fold)

Vocal ligament

Glottis (rima glottidis)
Conus elasticus
Infraglottis

Thyrohyoid membrane (N 77, TG 7-14)
Tracheoesophageal groove (N 76, TG 7-20)
Interscalene triangle (N30, TG7-15)

Viscera:

Thyroid gland: (N 74, TG 7-13, 7-14)

Lobes
Isthmus
Pyramidal lobe

Parathyroid glands (N 75, TG 7-14)

Muscles:

Platysma m. (N 26, TG 7-11, 7-16)
Sternocleidomastoid m. (N 27,28, TG 7-12, 7-16)
Infrahyoid (strap) mm. (N 28,29,31, TG 7-12, 7-13)

Sternohyoid m.

Omohyoid m. (superior & inferior bellies)

Sternothyroid m.

Thyrohyoid m.

Pharyngeal constrictor mm. (N65, N75, TG7-21, TG7-22, TG7-24)

Superior

Middle

Inferior
Intrinsic musculature of larynx

Posterior cricoarytenoideus

Lateral cricoarytenoideus

Thyroarytenoideus

Arytenoideus

Cricothyroid m. (and median ligament) (N31, N74, N77, TG7-13, TG7-26)

Anterior, middle, posterior scalene mm. (N28, N30, N32, TG7-15A, TG7-15B, TG7-17, TG7-18)

Nerves:

Cervical plexus

Cutaneous nn. (N 24,31,32,129, TG 7-11, 7-16A, 7-16B)

     Lesser occipital n.

     Great auricular n.

     Transverse cervical n.

     Supraclavicular nn.

Motor nn. (N 36,135, TG 7-12, 7-13)

     Ansa cervicalis

          Superior & inferior roots
Cervical branch of facial n. (CN VII) (N 29,51, TG 7-11, 7-30)
Vagus n. (CN X): (N126, TG7-20, TG7-21, TG7-91, TG7-92)

Superior laryngeal n. (N 78,79,80, TG 7-14, 7-20, TG7-21, TG7-26)

     External br. (N 74,75,76, TG 7-14, 7-20, TG7-21, 7-26)

     Internal br. (N 67,74,75,76, TG 7-14, 7-20, TG7-21, 7-26)

Recurrent laryngeal n. (right & left) (N 74,75,76, TG 7-14, TG7-20, TG7-21, 7-26)

     Inferior laryngeal n. (N74, N75, N76, TG7-21, TG7-26)
Accessory n. (CN XI) (N71, N127, TG7-18, TG7-93)
Phrenic n. (N30, N193, TG4-18, TG7-15)
Cervical plexus (N71, N128, TG7-15, TG7-17)

Roots (C1-4) (N71, N128, TG7-15, TG7-17)
Cervical sympathetic trunk

Superior cervical ganglion (N129, N130, TG7-15, TG7-95)

Middle cervical ganglion (N129, TG7-15, TG7-95)

Carotid nn. (internal & external, plexus) (N130, TG7-15, TG7-95)
Brachial plexus (N30, N430, TG7-14, TG2-14)

Roots (C5-T1)

Trunks

Vessels:

Superficial vv.

External jugular v. (N 31,74, TG 7-11)

Anterior jugular v. (N 31,74, TG 7-11)

Communicating v. (N 31,74, TG 7-11)

Jugular venous arch (N 256, TG 7-11)
Common carotid artery

Carotid bifurcation (N69, N136, TG7-19, TG7-71)

     Carotid sinus (N130, N136, TG7-71)

     Carotid body (N130, N136, TG7-90)

External carotid artery (N31, N32, N33, N34, N69, N136, TG7-19, TG7-71)

Internal carotid artery (N69, N136, TG7-19, TG7-72)

Superior thyroid a. (N31, N32, N33, N34, TG7-13, TG7-14, TG7-25)

      Superior laryngeal a. (N 74,76, TG 7-13)
Internal jugular vein (N74, TG7-73)

Middle and inferior thyroid vv. (N 74, TG 7-13)
Subclavian a. (N33, N136, TG7-15A, TG7-15B)

Vertebral a. (N33, N136, TG7-15, TG7-72)

Internal thoracic a. (N33, N136, TG7-15A, TG7-15B, TG4-09)

Thyrocervical trunk (N33, N136, TG7-15A, TG7-15B)

     Inferior thyroid a. (N33, N136, TG7-14, TG7-15A, TG7-15B)

     Transverse cervical a. (N33, N184, TG1-13, TG7-14, TG7-15A, TG7-15B)

     Suprascapular a. (N33, N427, TG2-15, TG7-14, TG7-15A, TG7-15B)

Costocervical trunk (N33, N130, TG7-14, TG7-15A, TG7-15B)

Dorsal scapular a. (N33, N410, TG2-09, TG7-14, TG7-15A, TG7-15B)
Brachiocephalic v. (N70, N74, TG4-19)
Subclavian v. (N70, N75, TG4-19, TG7-14)

Lymphatics:

Deep cervical lymph nodes (superior & inferior groups) (N72, TG7-74)
Thoracic duct (N238, N239, N264, TG4-44, TG5-37)

Clinical Terms:

Goiter
Tracheostomy
Cricothyrotomy
Thyroidectomy
Thyroglossal duct cyst
Torticollis
Subclavian "stick"/central venous line catheterization
Thoracic outlet syndrome
Cervical rib
Scalenus anticus syndrome
Subclavian steal syndrome
Virchow's node
Radical neck dissection
Carotid stenosis & endarterectomy
Horner's syndrome
Tonsillitis
Quinsy
Tonsillectomy
Adnenoidectomy
Laryngectomy
Zenker's diverticulum
Heimlich maneuver