|
|||||||||||||
Anatomy Tables - Liver & Gallbladder |
|||||||||||||
Arteries |
||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Artery | Source | Branches | Supply | Notes |
aberrant hepatic (N305, TG5-25) | left - l. gastric a.; right- SMA | liver | ||
celiac trunk | abdominal aorta at level of T12-L1 intervertebral disc | left gastric, splenic, common hepatic | stomach, lower esophagus, liver, upper duodenum, pancreas, spleen | (Greek, celiac = belly; the celiac artery supplies the principal organs of the belly) |
cystic (TG5-24, TG5-25) | right hepatic a. (or superior mesenteric a., proper hepatic a., left hepatic a., gastroduodenal a.) | no named branches | gall bladder | cystic a. arises from the right hepatic a. in ~72% of cases; other possible origins are noted at left and are clinically relevant during gall bladder surgery (Greek, cystic/kystis = bladder or pouch) |
hepatic, common (TG5-27) | celiac trunk | gastroduodenal & proper hepatic | liver & parts of duodenum, pancreas & stomach | |
hepatic, proper (TG5-27) | common hepatic | right gastric, right & left hepatic | liver, lesser curvature of stomach | |
hepatic, left (TG5-25) | proper hepatic | left & quadrate lobes of liver, part of caudate lobe | left hepatic a. supports liver parenchyma and stroma | |
hepatic, right (TG5-25) | proper hepatic | cystic | right lobe of liver, part of caudate lobe | right hepatic a. supports liver parenchyma and stroma |
Veins |
||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Vein | Tributaries | Drains Into | Region Drained | Notes |
esophageal (TG4-40) | azygos and hemiazygos vv. | esophagus | connect with esophageal brs. of left gastric, forming potential portal-caval anastomosis (esophageal varices when enlarged) | |
portal (TG5-22, TG5-26) | formed by union of superior mesenteric & splenic vv.; tributaries: posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal v., right & left gastric vv. | right & left branches of portal v., into liver sinusoids | connects with caval drainage at 1) esophagus, 2) rectum, 3) umbilicus, 4) retroperitoneal gut structures | |
hepatic, left (TG5-25) | segmental vv. | inferior vena cava | lateral segment & superior portion of medial segment of left lobe of liver | |
hepatic, middle (TG5-25) | segmental vv. | inferior vena cava | inferior portion of medial segment of left lobe of liver, & inferior part of anterior segment of right lobe | |
hepatic, right (TG5-25) | segmental vv. | inferior vena cava | posterior segment & superior portion of anterior segment of right lobe of liver | |
gastric, left (TG5-28) | esophageal vv. | portal v. | lesser curvature of stomach, lower esophagus | connects with esophageal vv., forming portal-caval venous anastomosis (esophageal varices when enlarged); also known as: coronary v. |
gastric, right (TG5-28) | portal v. | lesser curvature of stomach | also known as: coronary v. | |
mesenteric, superior (TG5-26, TG5-27) | pancreticoduodenal, jejunal, right and middle colic | portal v. | gut | |
paraumbilical (TG5-02) | umbilical part of left branch of portal vein | falciform ligament, round ligament of liver | potential site of portal-caval anastomosis; blood may pass retrogradely into body wall veins near umbilicus, creating caput medusa sign | |
splenic (TG5-20) | pancreatic brs. | unites with SMV to form portal v. | spleen | |
mesenteric, inferior (TG5-28) | superior rectal, sigmoid, left colic vv. | splenic v. (or superior mesenteric v.) | gut from splenic flexure distally | courses lateral to 4th part of duodenum |
Viscera |
||
---|---|---|
Organ | Location/Description | Notes |
greater duodenal papilla (TG5-26) | an eminence on the posteromedial wall of the descending duodenum | location of the opening of the hepatopancreatic duct (Latin, papilla = a nipple) |
lesser duodenal papilla (TG5-26) | located just superior to the greater duod. papilla | location of the opening of the accessory pancreatic duct (Latin, papilla = a nipple) |
pancreatic duct, main (TG5-26) | drains tail, body & lower head of pancreas | unites with the bile duct at hepatopancreatic ampulla |
liver (TG5-21A, TG5-21C, TG5-21D) | consists of 4 anatomical lobes: left, right, quadrate & caudate | lies inferior to the diaphragm as high as 5th rib on right |
bare area of liver (TG5-21A, TG5-21D) | lies between anterior & posterior laminae of coronary lig. | in contact with diaphragm |
porta hepatis (TG5-21) | region of undersurface of liver where hepatic ducts, hepatic aa. & portal v. enter/leave | |
quadrate lobe (TG5-23) | part of liver between bed of gall bladder & round ligament of liver | functionally part of left lobe (Latin, quadrate = square) |
ligamentum venosum (TG5-21) | lies in attachment of hepatogastric lig. to liver, between caudate & left lobe | remnant of obliterated ductus venosus |
gallbladder (TG5-24A, TG5-24B) | hangs below liver between right & quadrate lobes of liver | connected to the bile duct via cystic duct |
gallbladder, body of (TG5-24) | lies in bed of gallbladder between right & quadrate lobes of liver | |
gallbladder, fundus of (TG5-24) | expanded lower part; located near inner surface of anterior abdominal wall at junction of right 9th costal cartilage & right semilunar line | |
gallbladder, neck of (TG5-24) | constricted upper part of gallbladder | continuous with cystic duct |
hepatic duct, common (N294, TG5-22A, TG5-24C) | formed by union of right & left hepatic ducts | unites with cystic duct to form bile duct |
hepatic duct, left (N294, TG5-22A, TG5-24C) | drains left lobe, quadrate lobe & part of caudate lobe of the liver | unites with right hepatic duct to form common hepatic duct |
hepatic duct, right (N294, TG5-22A, TG5-24C) | drains right lobe & part of caudate lobe of the liver | unites with left hepatic duct to form common hepatic duct |
bile duct (N294, TG5-22A, TG5-24C) | union of cystic & common hepatic ducts | drains to hepatopancreatic ampulla & greater duodenal papilla with main pancreatic duct |
cystic duct (N294, TG5-22A, TG5-24C) | duct of the gallbladder; unites with common hepatic duct to form the bile duct | both drains and fills gallbladder (Greek, cystic/kystis = bladder or pouch) |
Peritoneal Specializations and Associated Structures |
||
---|---|---|
Specialization | Location/Description | Notes |
hepatoduodenal ligament (TG5-18, TG5-19) | part of lesser omentum connecting liver with 1st part of duodenum | contains bile duct, proper hepatic a. & portal v. |
hepatogastric ligament (TG5-18) | part of lesser omentum connecting liver with lesser curvature of stomach | |
falciform ligament (N269 ,N287, TG5-21) | sickle-shaped fold of peritoneum connecting liver to umbilicus | contains round ligament of liver (ligament teres hepatis) (Latin and English combo, falciform = shaped like a scythe or sickle) |
coronary ligament (N287, TG5-21) | peritoneum connecting liver to undersurface of diaphragm | area between anterior & posterior laminae is bare area of liver |
round ligament of the liver (TG5-21) | also known as: ligamentum teres hepatis | |
triangular ligaments (TG5-21) | left and right extremes of the coronary ligament | formed by the fusion of anterior & posterior laminae of the coronary ligament |
ligamentum teres hepatis (TG5-21) | lies within falciform lig.; connects liver to umbilicus; remnant of umbilical v. | also known as: round ligament of liver (Latin, teres = round) |
The material presented in these tables is contained in the book: MedCharts Anatomy by Thomas R. Gest & Jaye Schlesinger Published by ILOC, Inc., New York Copyright © 1995, unauthorized use prohibited. |
The excellent editorial assistance of Dr. Pat Tank, UAMS is gratefully acknowledged. |