Lecture Notes - Thoracic Wall, Pleura, & Pericardium

1. Bony thorax
   • Vertebral column
   • Ribs
     • Head
     • Neck
     • Tubercle
     • Angle
     • Costal groove
     • Costal cartilage
     • Costal arch (margin)
   • Sternum
     • Manubrium
     • Body
     • Xiphoid process
     • Sternal angle (of Louis)
     • Jugular (sternal, suprasternal notch)
2. Intercostal space
   • Muscles
     • External intercostal
     • Internal intercostal
     • Innermost intercostal
   • Nerves
     • Ventral rami of spinal nn.
       • Lateral cutaneous branches
       • Anterior cutaneous branches
   • Vessels
     • Posterior intercostal aa. & vv.
       • (aorta & azygos venous system)
     • Anterior intercostal aa. & vv.
       • (internal thoracic aa. & vv.)
3. Pleura (serous membrane)
   • Visceral
   • Parietal
     • Cervical (cupola)
     • Costal
     • Diaphragmatic
     • Mediastinal
   • Hilar reflection
   • Recesses
     • Costomediastinal
     • Costodiaphragmatic
   • Lines of pleural reflection (surface)
4. Mediastinum (space between pleural sacs)
   • Middle (pericardium & heart)
   • Anterior (thymus)
   • Superior (thymus & great vessels)
   • Posterior
5. Pericardium
   • Fibrous (NOT a serous membrane)
   • Serous
     • Visceral (= epicardium)
     • Parietal (fused to fibrous)
   • Pericardial sinuses
     • Transverse
     • Oblique
6. Vessels
   • Internal thoracic a. & v.
     • Superior epigastric
     • Musculophrenic
     • Anterior intercostal
   • Posterior intercostal a. & v.
   • Brachiocephalic vv. (right & left)
   • Thymic v.
   • Inferior thyroid v.
   • Left superior intercostal v.
   • Superior vena cava (SVC)
   • Azygos v.
   • Pericardiacophrenic a. & v.
7. Aorta
   • Ascending
   • Arch
     • Brachiocephalic trunk (right only)
     • Left common carotid
     • Left subclavian
   • Descending
8. Muscles
   • External intercostal m. & membrane
   • Internal intercostal m. & membrane
   • Innermost intercostal m.
     • Transversus thoracis m.
     • Subcostal m. (to be seen in later dissection)
9. Miscellaneous
   • Hilum of lung
   • Parasternal lymph nodes
   • Endothoracic fascia