Review Items - Rectum, Anal Canal, & Pelvic Floor

Osteology:

Pubic symphysis (N248 or TG5-03)
Pubic arch (subpubic angle) (N248 or TG5-03)
Ischiopubic ramus (inferior ramus of the pubis + ramus of the ischium) (N486 or TG3-04 and TG3-04)
Ischial tuberosity (N486 or TG3-04 and TG3-04)
Coccyx (N248 or TG5-03)
Obturator foramen, groove, and canal (N486, N352, N358, TG3-05, TG3-04, TG6-22)
Greater and lesser sciatic notch (foramina) (N486, N353, N503, TG3-04, TG3-28, TG6-06)
Ischial spine (N486, TG3-04)
Sacroiliac joint (N248, N365, TG5-03, TG6-06)
Anterior (pelvic) sacral foramina (N157, TG6-04)

Ligaments:

Sacrotuberal & sacrospinal (N352, N503, TG3-28, TG6-06)
Obturator membrane (N351, TG6-03)

Perineum: (N380 or TG6-25)

Anal triangle
Urogenital triangle

Rectum:

Longitudinal musculature (N393 or TG6-16 ,N394)
Transverse rectal folds (N393 or TG6-16)
Ampulla (N394)
Superior rectal a. and v. (N307 or TG5-14, N398)
Inferior hypogastric plexus (N410 or TG6-19, N412 or TG6-18)

Anal canal:

Internal anal sphincter (N393 or TG6-16,N394)
Longitudinal musculature (N393 or TG6-16,N394)
Anal columns (N393 or TG6-16)
Pectinate line (N393 or TG6-16)
Anal valves (N393 or TG6-16)
Anal sinuses (N393 or TG6-16)

Miscellaneous:

Ischioanal fossa (N 379, TG6-26A, TG6-26B)

Lymphatics of the pelvis and perineum (N 257, 387, TG6-33, TG6-34)

Muscles:

Piriformis m. (N367, N369, N503, TG6-21A, TG6-21B, TG3-28)
Obturator internus m. & fascia (pudendal canal) (N 358, 360, 379, TG6-21, TG6-21, TG3-28)

Arcus tendineus levatoris ani (N367, N369, TG6-21A, TG6-21B)

Pelvic diaphragm (N367, N368, N369, N370, TG6-21A, TG6-21B, TG6-23A, TG6-23B)

Coccygeus m.

Levator ani m.

     Puborectalis m.

     Pubococcygeus

     Iliococcygeus

Urogenital hiatus
External anal sphincter (N 390, 392, 393, 394, TG6-15, TG6-27)

Nerves:

Sacral plexus (N412, N497, N499, TG3-25, TG6-18)

Lumbosacral trunk

Ventral rami of S1 to S4
Sympathetic

Superior hypogastric plexus (N409, TG5-39)

Hypogastric nn. (N409, TG5-39)

Sacral sympathetic trunk (N410, N412, TG6-18, TG6-19)

     Ganglia

     Gray rami communicantes

     Sacral splanchnic nn.
Parasympathetic (N410, N412, TG6-18, TG6-19)

Pelvic splanchnic nn.
Autonomic (sympathetic and parasympathetic) (N410, N412, TG6-18, TG6-19)

Inferior hypogastric (pelvic) plexus
Innervation of pelvic viscera (N410, N412, N415, N416, N417, TG6-18, TG6-19)

Uterus

Vagina

Urinary bladder

Rectum & anal canal

Vessels:

Common iliac a. & v. (N264, TG5-34)

External iliac a. & v. (N264, TG5-34)

Internal iliac a. & v. (N264, N402, N403, TG5-34, TG6-17A, TG6-17B)

     Anterior division (N402, N403, TG6-17A, TG6-17B)

          Middle rectal a. (N402, N403, N398, TG6-17A, TG6-17B)

          Internal pudendal a. (N402, N403, N404, N405, TG6-17A, TG6-17B, TG6-29)

Clinical Terms:

Hemorrhoids - external vs. internal
Imperforate anus (anal atresia)
Sigmoidoscopy
Kegel exercises
Ischioanal abscess
Urinary stress incontinence
Iatrogenic injury to ureters
Cystoscopy